Islam after the death of Muhammed

Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)

661-680 Muawiya becomes Caliph

680 Death of Husayn (son of Ali and Fatima – the daughter of Muhammed).

Killed at the Battle of Karbala (Iraq) in 680 (year 61 in Islamic calendar)

Beginning of Shia Ali or ‘party of Ali’.

680-683 Muawiya succeeded by his son, Yazid I.

683-4 Muawiya II

684-5 Marwan I (684-5)

685-705 Reign of Abd al-Malik

691 Dome of the Rock (Mosque of Umar) built in Jerusalem

Central administration

Arabic becomes official written language

Arab coinage is established.

Ruling classes in East and West Africa convert to Islam.

711-732 Conquest of Spain

711 April 30, Arab armies enter Spain from North Africa.

732 Muslim empire reaches its furthest extent.

732 Battle of Tours. Franks under Charles Martel defeat the Muslim forces, and the advance of Islam in Western Europe is halted.

Islam remained in Granada (Southern Spain) until 1492